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| SAINT PAUL by Bartolomeo Montagna Courtesy of en.wikipedia.org |
All Aramaic Text and translations for verses 3 and 4 in the text box are courtesy of Dukhrana.com, the free online SCHOLARLY lexicon ( and resource for other lexicons and helps ) available to all.
The three English translations are from Etheridge in green type , Murdock in black, and Lamsa in purple. Latin is Vulgate, Clementine, and Greek text is the New Testament in the Original Greek: Byzantine Textform 2005 from Pierpont and Robinson.
The topmost verse is from the British and Foreign Bible Society's text; the unpointed text is from the Khabouris Peshitta Text, both published on Dukhrana. They are reproduced here for comparison's sake.
Galatians 1:3 - Grace be with you and
peace, from Aloha the Father, and from our Lord Jeshu Meshiha,
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Galatians 1:3 - Grace be with you, and
peace, from God the Father, and from our Lord Jesus the Messiah;
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Galatians 1:3 - Grace be to you and peace
from God the Father, and from our LORD Jesus Christ
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Galatians 1:3 -
Gratia vobis, et pax a Deo Patre, et Domino nostro Iesu Christo,
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Galatians 1:3 - χαρις υμιν και ειρηνη απο θεου
πατρος και κυριου ημων ιησου χριστου
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The Netzarim publishing house version's rendition of verse 3 is accurate, although as is customarily done in this " golden, best, and historic" ( aka Amazon reviews) version, " Y'SHUA the MASHIYACH " is transliterated into English from HEBREW, not Aramaic.
Liberties are also taken in the transliteration of GOD: the Hebrew ELOHIM is printed in the "English" translation instead of the Aramaic ALAHA, or ALOHA, as Dr. John Etheridge transliterates the Aramaic word for GOD.
Notwithstanding that slightly odd practice of inserting a 3rd language into the translation between Aramaic and English, verse 3 is correct.
Moving on now to Galatians 1, verse 4, which alas, has more confusion than clarity and worse errors than transliterating GOD and JESUS CHRIST from a 3rd language instead of the Aramaic text itself.
So, printed here is the EXACT WORDING ,( including parantheses and words therein ) of Galatians 1, verse 4 in the English "translation" printed in the Netzarim publishing house's version of the New Covenant, mis-pg. edition, found on page 560 of that volume.
Following it will be the Aramaic texts from Dukhrana.com, the classical English translations from Etheridge, Murdock, and Lamsa.
WHO GAVE HIS NEFESH ( SOUL, SELF) SO OUR SINS THAT ARE DELIVERED FROM THIS WORLD (THAT IS ) EVIL, AS (ACCORDING TO) THE WILL OF ELOHIM OUR FATHER,
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A quick look at this verse will reveal several discrepancies in the translation. First of all , notice the little word ܚܠܳܦ݂ , a particle in the Aramaic languate, highlighted in YELLOW. "Chlap", in the Aramaic, a word that means : for or instead.
William Jennings' Lexicon to the Syriac New Testament, page 76, lists the meanings and example verses to be : for, in behalf of , instead of, in the place of . In Luke 19:44 = for, because.
Jesse Payne Smith, A Compendious Syriac Dictionary, pg. 144, lists meanings and states examples from verses and other writings in context: for, instead, instead of , because, in the place of, on account of.
Dr. Kaufman at the Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon ( CAL ) analyses the uses of "CHLap" in several different Aramaic dialects. ( See the last two posts for a listing of the dialect codes used by CAL. )
| Abbreviations Help |  |
CAL CODE HELP |
Click on a headword to see a complete lexicon entry in another window
xlp p01 = xlp p --> xwlp p
| ḥwlp (ḥŭlap̄)
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1 in place of, instead of
2 w. d_ as conj. . --(a) because, since, on account of
N.B.: The Aramaic dialects which directly affect the Aramaic New Covenant include a portion of those 30 dialects analyzed by CAL. The Aramaic dialects we are interested in would include:
SYR = Syriac; CPA = Christian Palestinian Aramaic; COM = Common Aramaic; and GAL = Galilean. In some instances, we might include PTA = Palestinian Targumic Aramaic.
Looking carefully and thoroughly at ALL the Lexicons available, we see a MAJOR problem with translating this little preposition, for ( in exchange for ), as a conjunction ( so that ) and assigning it a meaning never intended by the writer.
The translation issue is this: "Chlap" in the Aramaic language is NEVER FOUND IN ANY Aramaic DIALECT to mean "so that. "
The significance of the above grammatical statement means that "OUR SINS" can only be used as the OBJECT of the preposition "for" ( in the English understanding of the passage.)
THUS, "OUR SINS" cannot be used as a subject in this verse, which "supposedly" follows a conjunction ( "so that" --- which is not there, according to Lexicons ), in order to start another clause ( in the English understanding of this passage), as the Netzarim version would have us to believe, in error.
The significance of the above grammatical statement means that "OUR SINS" can only be used as the OBJECT of the preposition "for" ( in the English understanding of the passage.)
THUS, "OUR SINS" cannot be used as a subject in this verse, which "supposedly" follows a conjunction ( "so that" --- which is not there, according to Lexicons ), in order to start another clause ( in the English understanding of this passage), as the Netzarim version would have us to believe, in error.
( I do thank you for bearing with me in this unfinished post; storms rolled in and we lost Internet connection as I typed.)
NEXT POST: A look at the verb " DELIVER" as used in Galatians 1:4 and mis-translated in the Netzarim version.
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